While PSA levels in PCa and benign prostatic hyperplasia largely overlap at a range of 4–10 ng/ml [59], in such a gray zone we found, for a few of the analyzed markers, that a fraction of PCa samples was distinguishable from hypertrophic diseases in terms of RPPA expression levels (Fig. S8C, D). Here, PROS1 is linked to benign prostatic hyperplasia.