CXCL8 and dengue disease: For markers of immune activation, we measured interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interferon gamma-induced protein-10 (IP-10) as these are associated with disease severity (Oliveira et al., 2017; Pandey et al., 2015; Rathakrishnan et al., 2012), and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), soluble cluster of differentiation 163 (sCD163), and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) as these are activation markers of monocytes and macrophages, the major targets for dengue replication (Ab-Rahman et al., 2016; John et al., 2015; S S et al., 2017).