Additionally, by using cellular immunofluorescence assays, this study not only provided morphological evidence of USP1-RPS16 protein interaction (as shown in the yellow/orange area of the merged images) (Fig. 2a), but also showed the downregulated RPS16 level caused by the pharmacological or genetic ablation of USP1 in HCC cells (Fig. 2b, c and Fig. S2). The gene discussed is USP1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.