Interestingly, Li et al. demonstrated that somatic alterations concerning the NF-kB signaling may occur in a LMP1-independet manner, suggesting that both, LMP1 mediated NF-kB alterations as well as independently occurring somatic NF-kB aberrations may dually contribute to molecular pathogenesis of NPC [56]. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.