Notably, several HPGs associated with invasive EVTs (ADAM12, PAPPA2, PGF) [35–37], and pregnancy complications such as preterm birth and preeclampsia (ADAM12, HSD17B1, KISS1, LGALS13, PAPPA2, SIGLEC6, ERVW-1) [38–44], were found to be upregulated in human compared to rhesus placenta (Fig. 1g). This evidence concerns the gene PAPPA2 and preeclampsia.