In burned mice that received an infection with live P. aeruginosa M2, proinflammatory cytokines gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) became elevated at the onset of clinical symptoms (12 to 18 h) and remained elevated until the mice required euthanasia (Fig. 3A to C). Here, IL1B is linked to infection.