For this purpose, agonists (Wilson et al., 2016; Cheng et al., 2018; Liang et al., 2020; Park et al., 2020), polymers directly inducing STING activation (Luo et al., 2017; Li et al., 2021) or chemotherapies inducing cytosolic DNA breaks (Eldehna et al., 2020) have been loaded on NPs (e.g., nanocages, liposomes, polymers, and hydrogels) designed to specifically target DCs and macrophages, demonstrating efficacy in preclinical tumor models. Here, STING1 is linked to neoplasm.