Based on PD-1 expression status on peripheral CD8 T cells, a recent/newly-published study in cervical cancer sub-divided patients into PD-1high, PD-1int and PD-1low subgroups and found significantly increased frequencies of PD-1high and PD-1int but not PD-1low on CD8 T cells from cervical cancer patients when compared to healthy donors (42). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is cervical carcinoma.