First, to find an “optimal” cutoff value for each marker, the cutoff values for CD8+ T cells, CD68+ macrophages, CD68+CD163+ M2 macrophages, CD68+CD163- M1 macrophages, CD8+PD-L1+ T cells, CD68+PD-L1+ macrophages, CD68+CD163+PD-L1+ M2 macrophages, and CD68+CD163-PD-L1+ M1 macrophages (high vs low) in the total, stromal and tumor regions were determined using the survminer package in R software according to PFS, and the cutoff points are displayed in Table 2. Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.