This indicates that CD8+ T cells, CD8+PD-L1+ T cells, CD8+/CD8+PD-L1+, CD8+/CD68+CD163+, and CD8+PD-L1+/CD68+CD163+ are potential biomarkers for predicting PFS in NSCLC patients receiving ICI therapy and that the CD8+/CD8+PD-L1+ and CD8+/CD68+CD163+ signatures provide better stratification of PFS than CD8+ T cells, CD8+PD-L1+ T cells, or CD68+CD163+ M2 macrophages. This evidence concerns the gene CD163 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.