This association seems to be related to the glycolysis-derived methylglyoxal, a metabolic by-product known to activate yes-associated protein (YAP) signaling in breast cancer cells, which is crucial in the upregulation of genes that promote cell proliferation (e. g. CTGF, CYR61, and ANKRD1, ERBB4, FOS, AP-1) (40, 41), inhibit apoptosis (e. g. Bcl-2 family members) (42, 43), and drive EMT (44). The gene discussed is FOS; the disease is breast cancer.