Using univariate logistic regression (Table 2), there was a significant association of these comorbidities with being frail: diabetes mellitus (DM), DM on insulin treatment, chronic kidney disease (CKD), end-stage renal failure (ESRF), ischemic heart disease (IHD), hypertension (HTN), congestive heart failure (CHF), peripheral vascular disease (PVD), cerebrovascular accident/transient ischemic attack (CVA/TIA), dementia, depression, hemiplegia, peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and anaemia. This evidence concerns the gene INS and stage 5 chronic kidney disease.