64 ICU patients were enrolled in this case-control study, where values of inflammatory biomarkers PCT, presepsin and pro-ADM were evaluated. These biomarkers were significantly lower in controls than in sepsis or septic shock groups. Preliminary data showed that, despite presepsin and pro-ADM being able to differentiate between septic and non-septic patients with accuracy, PCT remains the most reliable marker available. The gene discussed is ADM; the disease is Sepsis.