As expected, the expression levels of Akt, pAkt, PI3K, MMP-2, and MMP-9 were lower in normal cells than in CRC cells, yet either IGF-1 treatment or combined treatment of IGF-1+LY294002/GL-V9 led to similar but less evident changes in the expression of these key proteins (Fig. 6). The gene discussed is MMP2; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.