Pathways involving “ECM remodeling,” “TGFβ-induced fibroblast/myofibroblast migration and extracellular matrix production in asthmatic airways,” as well as immune-related pathways including “Role of CD8 + Tc1 cells in COPD,” “Classical complement pathway,” “Lectin induced complement pathway,” and “T cell co-signaling receptors, schema” were highly represented for the genes up-regulated in silicosis (Figure 2C and Supplementary Table 8). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.