In macrophages NLRP3 inflammasome activation required xanthine oxidase generated superoxide upstream of mROS generation (73), while studies in superoxide deficient peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from CGD patients revealed that NOX enzymes are not required for NLRP3-mediated IL-1β secretion (74, 75). The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is chronic granulomatous disease.