However, in those that have, significantly elevated levels of the nuclear-derived DAMPs high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) and extracellularly-secreted nicotinamide phosphoribosyl-transferase (eNAMPT), as well as mitochondrial-derived DNA (mtDNA) were detected in the plasma of severe COVID-19 patients when compared to HCs and/or mild to moderate COVID-19 cases (205, 223, 224). This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and COVID-19.