CD4 and cranioectodermal dysplasia: In addition to the TH1-skewed CD4 T cell response, another hallmark of CeD is the large accumulation of oligoclonal cytotoxic intraepithelial TCRαβ+ CD8+ lymphocytes (IE-CTLs) and TCRγδ+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (78, 109, 132).