Interestingly, in never-smokers we observed also that the haplotype rs26653G-rs26618T-rs2287987C-rs30187C-rs27044C-rs2248374G [ERAP1 127P/276I/349V/528R/730E, ERAP2(-)] significantly increased the risk of NSCLC, whereas the haplotype rs26653C-rs26618T-rs2287987T-rs30187T-rs27044G-rs2248374G [ERAP1 127R/276I/349M/528K/730Q, ERAP2(−)] decreased the risk. Here, ERAP1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.