In all these situations, the effect of rs27044 was stronger than that of rs17587, suggesting that a difference in the production of peptides by different variants of PSMB9 is for disease stage less important than more or less active trimming of these peptides by ERAP1, depending on rs27044. For rs17587, it was reported that in GG individuals, the immunoproteasome activity was higher than in GA individuals (68), but this result was not confirmed subsequently in a large panel of cancer cell lines (69). Here, ERAP1 is linked to cancer.