INS and diabetes mellitus: Reports have confirmed the beneficial role of gallic acid in the management of diabetes and diabetic complications such as diabetic nephropathy and cardiomyopathy, neuropathy due to its potent antioxidant, anti-inflamamtory TGF-β inhibitory activity and by increasing insulin sensitivity (Abdel-Moneim et al., 2017; Garud and Kulkarni, 2018; Patel and Goyal, 2011; Raafat and Samy, 2014).