These MCs have been used for building a biosensor for the detection of a cancer biomarker, Mucin 1 (MUC1), a membrane protein, achieving a linearity range of 10−3−103 pg mL−1 and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.29 fg mL−1 which is comparable to the best reported MUC1 sensing platforms (Fig. 4c) [49]. The gene discussed is MUC1; the disease is cancer.