Both organ-of-origin and histology had significant impacts on the immune milieu: esophageal cancers generally had significantly fewer infiltrating T cells than lung cancers, consistent with previous reports37; and small-cell carcinomas had significantly lower T cell and CD8 T-cell abundance compared to tumors with other histologies arising from same organ (Fig. 6a and Supplementary Fig. 7a, two-way ANOVA test). This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and lung cancer.