Consistent with the computational analysis, IHC staining of CD8A revealed that 85% (23/27, Supplementary Data 15) of PSCCEs were CD8 T-cell “excluded”, in which CD8 T cells failed to infiltrate into tumor parenchyma and aggregated in the surrounding stroma instead (Fig. 6d and Supplementary Fig. 7b). The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is neoplasm.