CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as one of the newest treatment options for NSCLC; however, the recent use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as those blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint pathway, offer durable tumor responses to only a small population of patients generally with high tumor PD-L1 expression and/or high tumor mutational burden (Herbst et al., 2018; Reck et al., 2016).