MTOR and metabolic disease: Concerning other metabolic disorders, in rats with MetS increased hepatic autophagy activity manifested by elevated LC3-II/I, Beclin-1, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and p62 autophagy-related proteins, as well as phosphorylated adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) down-regulation, has been reported (Cui et al., 2020).