Initial studies analyzed DNA methylation of candidate genes for T2DM such as INS (insulin), PDX1, PPARGC1A (PGC1α; transcriptional co-activator), and GLP1R (GLP1 receptor) in human pancreatic islets from donors with TD2M and non-diabetic controls (22, 34, 35). Here, PDX1 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.