More importantly, poly (GR) preferentially bound to ATP synthase F1 subunit alpha (Atp5a1), which is a subunit of mitochondrial complex V. It has been observed that this protein expression was decreased in poly (GR)-expressing primary cortical neurons cultured from CamKII: (GR) 80 mice, and its expression was reduced in the cortex of 6-months old CamKII: (GR) 80 mice and in the frontal cortex of patients with C9orf72-related ALS/FTD. The gene discussed is C9orf72; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.