We also reported that ATX was significantly upregulated during cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in TM cells (an in vitro model that mimics SOAG), while the expression of TGF-β2 was downregulated upon CMV infection: of note, in CMV DNA-positive AH from patients with Posner-Schlossmann syndrome (an SOAG subtype frequently accompanied by refractory glaucoma with prolonged extensive IOP elevation), the levels of ATX and TGF-β1 in AH were upregulated, while the level of TGF-β2 was downregulated. Here, ENPP2 is linked to cytomegalovirus infection.