CXCL12 and osteoarthritis: For example, we did not further inhibit the MAPK/ERK or PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to verify the signaling mechanism of SDF-1 in the subchondral bone, and whether SDF-1 directly causes articular cartilage degeneration, etc. However, there are reasons to think that specific inhibition of SDF-1/CXCR4 in the early stage of osteoarthritis may improve and delay the pathological progression of osteoarthritis.