IL24 and urinary bladder carcinoma: Cui et al. (2015) found that BIX-01294 stimulates ERS and triggers UPR by upregulating the expression of DDIT3, which ultimately causes bladder cancer cell apoptosis. Interleukin-24 (IL-24) is a unique IL-10 family cytokine that can selectively induce cancer cell apoptosis without damaging normal cells (Gupta et al., 2006). Recently, some researchers have proved that IL-24 exerts its cytotoxic effect through ERS-induced tumor cell apoptosis (Zhang et al., 2016b).