For example, USP3 promoted proliferation in a number of cancers (Fang et al., 2018; Wu et al., 2019; Das et al., 2020; Li et al., 2020; Liao et al., 2020) while other reports show that depletion of USP3 can increase the incidence of spontaneous tumors (Lancini et al., 2016), promote metastasis (Wang et al., 2017), inhibit leukemia cell differentiation (Chae et al., 2019), and accelerate degradation of TP53 leading to enhanced proliferation and transformation (Fu et al., 2017). Here, USP3 is linked to leukemia.