Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) and receptor activator of Nuclear Factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL), which play key roles in osteoclasts activation (Popper, 2016; Macedo et al., 2017), are found to have functions in NSCLC bone metastases (Nakamura et al., 2006; Kuo et al., 2013). The gene discussed is PTHLH; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.