In addition, inflammation-related molecules, which have been proven to be related to AKI in previous studies (Munshi et al., 2011; Tajima et al., 2019; Gabarre et al., 2020), including MCP-1 and IL-6, are also upregulated and enriched in the kidney distal tubules of COVID-19 patients. Here, CCL2 is linked to acute kidney injury.