This is an important gap given the fact that oncogenic RAS mutations are found over 30% of all human cancers (Prior et al., 2012), and RAS activation is even more common along with highly prevalent and consequential involvement of RAS downstream effector pathways (RAF/MAPK, PI3K/AKT) across the spectrum of human malignancies (Li et al., 2018). This evidence concerns the gene RAF1 and cancer.