TNF and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Compared with the control group, the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and MDA were significantly increased in the IPF group (P < 0.01, Figures 3(a)–3(c) and 3(f)), whereas SOD and GSH-Px activities were significantly decreased in the IPF group (P < 0.01, Figures 3(d) and 3(e)).