Importantly, PD-L1 IHC was performed similarly on FFPE archival (KEYNOTE-012) or excisional biopsy specimens (KEYNOTE-028) with a central laboratory that used the 22C3 anti-human PD-L1 antibody (Merck & Co.)PD-L1 expression was determined by combined positive score (CPS) defined as the number of PD-L1+ cells (tumor cells, lymphocytes, and macrophages) divided by the total number of tumor cells, multiplied by 100. Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.