When directed against CD19, second-generation CARTs have demonstrated unprecedented clinical responses in a variety of relapsed and/or refractory (r/r) B cell malignancies including pediatric (12, 13) and adult (14, 15) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (16–19), and other non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) (20, 21). This evidence concerns the gene CD19 and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.