For instance, it has been reported that Plasmodium berghei infection induced ER stress of hepatocytes and activated UPR through the XBP1 and cAMP responsive element-binding protein (CREBH, a hepatocyte specific UPR mediator) pathways, which contributed to the infection of Plasmodium by providing phosphatidylcholine and regulating iron level (Inacio et al., 2015). The gene discussed is XBP1; the disease is infection.