TGFB1 and myeloid sarcoma: Additionally, direct translations of cytokine functions that are well-defined in the periphery may not operate similarly within CNS context, such as TNF-α displaying neuroprotective properties or TGF-β1 that is upregulated in aging and after CNS injury (14, 15) as well as in EAE, a mouse model for multiple sclerosis (MS) (16).