TGFB1 and age-related macular degeneration: Moreover, the Upstream Regulator Analysis by IPA tool revealed that the expression of 11 genes associated with AMD (APOE, ATF6, CYP24A1, INNP5D, IL2RA, IL6, IL23R, MAPK1, MIF, MIRNA196A, and TNFSF14) may be affected by a regulatory network including APP, CREBBP, IFNG, PSEN1, TGFB1, and VEGFA genes (Figure 3).