NPPA and chronic kidney disease: In addition, the infusion of ANP or its analog, carperitide, in CKD patients undergoing cardiac surgery reduces postoperative serum creatinine concentration both in the acute postoperative stage and even up to 1 year after surgery with a lower rate of postoperative cardiac events and need of dialysis (Sezai et al., 2011; Mori et al., 2014).