INS and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Additionally, we observed an overexpression of GLUT1 protein in COLD after 9 days of ICE, in accordance with previous findings that suggested that cold adaptation facilitates glucose uptake by skeletal muscle and upregulates oxidative pathway by an insulin-independent manner (Bukowieckh, 1989; Vallerand et al., 1990; Sepa-Kishi et al., 2017).