BDNF and Brain atrophy: Furthermore, FTY720 administration (1 mg/kg) during EAE induction in female mice reduces demyelinated area, axonal damage, brain atrophy while increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level and clinical scores (Fukumoto et al., 2014; Smith et al., 2018), underling the positive effect of FTY720 on regeneration in different types of demyelination models.