CXCL12 and cancer: It has also been reported that IGF1/2, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12; also called stromal cell-derived factor 1, SDF-1), and β-hydroxybutyrate secreted from CAFs induce autophagy in irradiated cancer cells and accelerate the recovery and regrowth of tumors after irradiation68.