For further evaluating the effects and mechanism of MACF1 on ageing‐related osteoporosis, 21‐month ageing C57BL/6 mice received a periosteal injection into medullary cavity of femur with MACF1 overexpression plasmid and transfection reagent25, 26, 27 (Figure 5A‐B). Here, MACF1 is linked to osteoporosis.