Accordingly, intestinal decontamination with norfloxacin decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory genes (for example, Toll-like receptor 4 [TLR4] and caspase 3) in the kidneys of rats with cirrhosis35, whereas ACLD patients with SI-associated kidney injury exhibited increased renal TLR4 and caspase 3 gene expression, as well as urinary TLR4 secretion, as compared with patients without kidney dysfunction36. The gene discussed is CASP3; the disease is kidney injury.