Remarkably, we showed that IL-6 promotes autophagy in PC3 cell lines, in which endogenous STAT3 was deleted, indicating a role of IL-6 in autophagy that is independent of STAT3 that is consistent with the findings of a previous study using prostate cancer (PCa) cells28 (Fig. 1i). This evidence concerns the gene STAT3 and Familial prostate cancer.