In addition, expression of gene clusters related to TGF-β/smad pathway (such as TGF-β1, TGF-βR1, SP1, and RUNX3), glioma stemness (such as SOX2, OCT4, CD44, and IL-6), and angiogenesis (such as VEGF-A, IL-8, ANGPT2, and HIF1A) was higher in Prrx1-high groups than in Prrx1-low groups (NCBI/GEO/GSE13041, Fig. 7F). Here, TGFB1 is linked to glioma.