Relative to normal tissues, the Prrx1 expression level was underexpressed in a few cancers such as bladder cancer and kidney cancer, but overexpressed in most cancer types especially glioma, which indicated that Prrx1 functions as either oncogenic or antioncogenic activities based on the cancer types (Fig. 1C and Supplementary Fig. S1). This evidence concerns the gene PRRX1 and kidney cancer.