AHR and viral infectious disease: TIPARP is regulated by platelet derived growth factor (Chen et al., 2004), nuclear receptor family members (Bindesboll et al., 2016; Kamata et al., 2021), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α, Zhang et al., 2020), viral infection (Yamada et al., 2016), including Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (Heer et al., 2020), and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR, Ma et al., 2001; MacPherson et al., 2013).