Erythropoietin has neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects, which are net effects of anti-excitatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects on neurons and oligodendrocytes.[4] In addition, erythropoietin promotes neurogenesis, oligodendrogenesis, and angiogenesis, which are essential for normal neurodevelopment and injury repair.[5,6] These beneficial effects of erythropoietin have been well documented in experimental models of neonatal brain injury, and emerging clinical data also show benefits. Here, EPO is linked to injury.