In support of this view, proinflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-γ, induced during symptomatic P. berghei infection in mice, were found to upregulate the expression of the T helper 1 (TH1) cell-defining transcription factor T-bet in TFH cells, which inhibits their differentiation and results in reduced GC responses to infection (29). Here, IFNG is linked to infection.