Global deletion of the gene encoding 12-LOX in mice (Alox15) on the NOD background results in near-total protection of both sexes from T1D development, with a striking reduction in insulitis and the early accumulation of macrophages (19); similarly, delivery of a small molecule inhibitor of 12-LOX (ML351) in NOD mice shortly after the development of insulitis protects against progression of insulitis and glycemic deterioration (20). This evidence concerns the gene ALOX15 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.